Know your audience before you start marketing your product.
Why? Because it's important. You don't want to stop every single person on a busy street and tout your wares. It doesn't work that way.
Once you know your audience, create your buyer's persona - based on real market research - so you can target them accordingly.
Even some companies have life-sized cardboard cut-outs of their ideal buyers.
It's not just a formality; it's an important step in the process. Know your audience, grow your business. Are you struggling to understand your customers?
I would take it back even further: know your audience before developing a product.
Do you have any specific tips or resources that you have used and would be helpful for indie hackers?
Yeah. You should have a rough idea on who will benefit from your product, even before you develop it. However, things drastically change after you have an MVP ready to be dispatched.
I have seen many huge brands review and modify (if necessary) their buyer's persona every 8-12 months. So it's a continuous process and an ever changing one.
I just wrote a huge post on "How to Audience Research" here on Indie Hackers:
https://www.indiehackers.com/Taseer
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