How do you gather user feedback?

I would suggest doing phone/face-to-face interviews (qualitative interviews with open questions) for early stage ideas/products and surveys (e.g. google survey or typeform) if you already have customers/audience for later stage.

There are a variety of tools I have used for this in the past. Far and above the most successful in the early days of any product is customer interviews. Talking to users directly will help uncover so much about what people like or don't like about your product.

It will also help you learn how they talk about the problems and pain your product solves for them. This feedback helps your marketing copy write itself.

Google Meet, phone calls, markdown notes. Have used surveys on the landing page in the past, but unless I was willing to subvert my main call to action have never found them to be super successful.