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I'm an e-Resident and an Estonian company owner AMA

Hi guys,

I'm an e-Resident for more than two years. Last year, I opened a company in Estonia remotely. This year in June, I moved to Tallinn, and besides being a UX design contractor, I build my own product. I curate a small community around it on Telegram and have some regular sales growing slowly.

From time to time, I see some e-Residency related questions. I'm here to answer all of them :)

on November 15, 2020
  1. 2

    Hi Jan,
    How much does it cost in total to run the company there? (accounting and other paperwork, virtual office, local director, etc?)

    1. 3

      The cheapest you can go is probably Xolo, and their pricing is pretty transparent. It works fine for a simple type of business, so definitely check it out. Unfortunately, that wasn't enough for me. When I considered them, they told me it would not work for any trading (crypto/stocks) or accepting Bitcoin payments. Now, you can accept BTC, but it will be immediately converted to EUR, which doesn't work for me.

      So I had to find a regular accounting company (I'm pretty happy about them.) The pricing was/is as follow:

      • incorporation ~950eur
      • virtual office address ~400eur/y
      • annual tax declarations ~400eur/y
      • accounting ~70-120eur/m

      A few times, I needed something extra, e.g., help with registering my residence in Estonia, etc. In every case, it was ~120eur.

      (Also, the mandatory shared capital is 2500eur, but you don't have to introduce it to the company until you want to pay yourself dividends or sell your business, so it's not an issue at the beginning.)

      It really depends on your case, e.g., if you're paying VAT, need a virtual office, etc. With Xolo Go, you can even start invoicing people without having a company (no fixed fee, just 5% of your sales.)

      When it comes to the director – do you really need it? If it's for tax purposes, it doesn't work anymore. You're the UBO (ultimate beneficial owner), and a hired board member will not do much. I don't have any. I own 100% of the company, and I'm the only board member.

  2. 1

    Hello. this page is quite old but I would like to try my luck.
    How did you manage to get a bank account for your business given the industry you are in? Thanks

    1. 1

      No problem, my business and I are still alive :)

      I'm not a regulated business, so I'm not holding customers' crypto, etc. The industry wasn't an issue.

      I have Wise, Revolut (which is now an insured bank account!), ZEN and I almost opened an account in LHV but resigned since I didn't see benefits. I still mainly use Wise, and I love it.

      What do you want to know? If you have some more specific questions, I'm happy to chat. You can ask here, or find me on Telegram @janklosowski

  3. 1

    Thanks for the AMA :) This may be a stupid question, as I really suck at understanding legal shit, but here we go:

    From what I understand, I will usually need to pay tax 2 times, once "as a company" and once "as a person".

    With the Estonia setup, are both of these covered, or will I still need to register as a citizen somewhere else and pay personal tax there? I'm a digital nomad (and a contractor like you), so I don't really have a fixed country of residency, but it still feels weird to be considered a resident of Estonia even though I never set foot in it.

    If you are personally registered in Estonia, how do you handle stuff like healthcare?

    1. 2

      Many topics intermingle here:

      1. The main benefit of Estonian corporate tax (20%) is that it's postponed to the distribution phase (when you pay yourself dividends). Profit is not taxed right away, so you can reinvest it virtually forever.
      2. Tax residents of Estonia also don't pay other taxes on those dividends, so 20%, and that's it.
      3. However, it's not ok, to pay yourself ONLY dividends. You can pay yourself some small salary as a board member and pay dividends on top of it. The cost of your regular salary will be rather high like in other EU countries, but you get health insurance and clarity from the tax office perspective.
      4. If your company is in Estonia and you're a tax resident in another country, you may be double taxed if there is a capital gain tax on dividends (in your country).
      5. You may travel around the world, but you will not lose tax residency in your country until you go through the process:
      • First, you need to have another tax residency. The easiest way is to stay in another country, e.g., in Estonia for 183+ days in a year, rent a long-term apartment there, and generally, be able to prove that you moved. By that, you usually automatically become a tax resident there in that year.
      • Next year, you can apply for resigning from your default tax residency in your home country. You'll have to prove that you moved and pay taxes in the new place (it may vary between countries).
      • Then, even if you lose your new tax residency, the old one is not automatically active (until you spend over 183+ days in your home country again). So, theoretically, you can avoid paying taxes completely. But, practically, if you don't have a tax residency somewhere, it will make your life harder and bring a lot of uncertainty…

      TLDR; I decided to move to Estonia and spend +183 days in a year here to have it all cleaned up without tricks and hassle.

      1. 1

        Wow thanks so much for that huge answer first of all, I've been struggling to put all these pieces together for days so this is huge!

        Got a few follow-up questions:

        • What is the minimum salary I have to pay myself, and is there a maximum on how much I can pay myself as dividends?
        • I guess it's too late in the year to uphold the 183+ day rule for this year. Does it still make sense to put my business into Estonia right now?
        • For the 183+ day rule, I guess the most important part is just to have an appt there right? Should be pretty hard to verify if I was actually in there the whole time 🤔

        Do you happen to know any accountants or tax lawyers that can handle this kind of stuff? I tried a ton and all of them had no idea how to handle the whole nomad thing :p

        1. 2

          I mostly described how I do this. People are doing tricks, e.g., they pay themselves as contactors, use other companies as proxies, etc. It may work, and you can pay very little or no tax, but it also brings a risk that your tax authority will not like it. In addition, there are so-called CFC regulations and other stuff that may trigger some questions. You also need to take care of health insurance yourself. The least suspicious setup is always if you have some tax residency, and you pay some tax there.

          1. In Estonia, it's 584.00EUR.
          2. Well, losing your current tax residency shouldn't be the only reason to have a business in Estonia, so it depends.
          3. Yes, it's rather hard to prove that you live in Estonia if you don't have an address where you pay bills, etc.
          4. I think you should find an accountant who also understands your current country's law and consult what you plan to do. Some things seem obvious, but they're not. So it's always better to ask a specialist. I gave you a hight level view of the topic, but details matter. I know only Polish company, but I will ask my knowledgeable friend about it.
  4. 1

    Hi Jan,
    Thanks for opening this discussion. I am working with Xolo to set up my company. Do you have any suggestions for legal services in Estonia?
    Thanks,
    Luis

    1. 1

      Hi Luis,
      If Xolo works for you, it's great. They can navigate you with some more complex needs if you have them. I couldn't work with them since I have a very crypto-oriented business, and, e.g., accepting and keeping crypto on my balance wasn't something they're open to working with. Do you have any specific questions or doubts?

      1. 1

        Hi,
        Thanks for getting back to me! Xolo looks great but I'm thinking that legal services is really important to establish contracts or let's say I want to take some investors and need to update the articles of association, establish a shareholder agreement etc... I saw a number of firms listed in the e-residence marketplace so I don't think it will be an issue but just wanted to know if you had any tips.

        1. 2

          All I can say is that I personally use this company, and they definitely do all types of things you mentioned. The good thing about Estonia is that the law here is easier to interpret and apply than in other EU countries, so you most likely have fewer chances to fail with the wrong company.

          1. 2

            Thank you for the recommendation Jan! I really appreciate it!

            1. 1

              If you want to contact them, tell them it was my recommendation. I have no affiliation, but it would be nice if they know I'm a happy client, haha.